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Oceania
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Map of Oceania - AD 1830-1950
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Events
AD 1840
Treaty of Waitangi: signed between British and Maoris in New Zealand
AD 1842
France annexes the Marquesas Islands and makes Tahiti a protectorate
AD 1845
Outbreak of New Zealand Wars; Maoris rebel against British over land rights
AD 1853
France annexes New Caledonia
AD 1864
Transportation of criminals to Australia abolished
AD 1864
First French convicts sent to New Caledonia
AD 1874
Fiji becomes a British crown colony
AD 1878
New Caledonians rebel against French
AD 1880
France annexes Tahiti as a colony
AD 1884
Germany annexes Admiralty Islands
AD 1884
Germany claims Bismarck Archipelago
AD 1886
New Guinea formally divided into German New Guinea and British Papua
AD 1893
New Zealand becomes first country to give women the vote
AD 1893
Britain declares a Protectorate over the southern Solomon Islands
AD 1898
United States annexes Hawaii
AD 1898
Northern Solomon Islands transferred to British Protectorate by treaty with Germany
AD 1898
Spain sells Caroline Islands to Germany
AD 1899
US and Germany divide Samoa
AD 1899
Spain cedes Palau to Germany
AD 1900
New Zealand annexes the Cook Islands
AD 1901
Commonwealth of Australia comes into being: self-governing federation within the British empire
AD 1905
British New Guinea becomes the possession of Australia, and is named Papua
AD 1906
Australia assumes responsibility for the administration of British New Guinea, renaming it Papua
AD 1906
British/French Condominium of the New Hebrides created
AD 1907
Britain grants New Zealand dominion status
AD 1913
Wallis Islands become a French protectorate
AD 1914
New Zealand troops occupy German Samoa
AD 1914
Japan occupies Micronesia
AD 1914
Germans expelled from Admiralty Islands; Australia takes over administration
AD 1915
Britain annexes Gilbert and Ellice islands
AD 1919
Japan receives former German territories of Marshall, Mariana and Caroline islands
AD 1920
New Zealand given mandate over Samoa
AD 1920
League of Nations awards Bismarck Archipelago as mandate to Australia
AD 1921
Australia given mandate over German New Guinea
AD 1929
Uprising of Mau people of Samoa against New Zealand government
AD 1941
Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
AD 1941
Japanese troops capture Guam
AD 1942
Battle of Midway: US defeats Japan
AD 1942
Japan occupies Solomon Islands during W WII; heavy fighting, especially on and around Guadalcanal
AD 1942
Japanese troops capture Admiralty Islands
AD 1944
Australia and New Zealand sign the ANZAC Agreement
AD 1944
US takes Marshall Islands and Guam
AD 1944
US retakes Admiralty Islands
AD 1945
Allies expel Japanese from Solomon Islands; British rule is restored
AD 1945
VJ Day: Japan surrenders, ending the war in the Pacific
AD 1946
US tests atomic weapons at Bikini atoll, Marshall Islands
AD 1947
New Zealand gains full independence from Britain
AD 1947
Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Palau and Nauru become part of the UN Strategic Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, administered by the US
AD 1949
Trust Territory of Papua and New Guinea given to Australia to administer
Oceania

AD 1830-1950

From the middle of the 19th century AD Europeans began to establish plantations in the Pacific, which increased political and military interest from European governments. Driven both by rivalry and by a desire to secure their economic interests, European powers began taking more direct control of Pacific island territory. Between 1842 and 1900 almost all of Oceania came under the control of the United States or European governments. After World War I (1914-18), German colonies in the Pacific were seized by Australia, New Zealand and Japan.

On 7 December 1941 the Pacific became a theatre of World War II (1939-45), when the Japanese attacked American forces in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Japanese troops invaded New Guinea in 1942, and battles between the Japanese and Allied forces took place in the Solomon Islands from 1942-45. Papuans assisted Allied forces and many Pacific islanders and Aboriginal Australians joined the ANZACS (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps) and fought not only in the Pacific, but also Africa and Europe.

After World War II, all colonial governments agreed that they would work towards independence for Oceania.

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