2750-750 BC Bronze Age

Northern and Eastern Europe 2750-750 BCThe vast and diverse regions of northern, central and eastern Europe range from the forested river valleys and mountains in the west to the immense flat grassy plains in the east and the endless pine forests, tundra and lakes in the north. Early archaeological research led to the division of the period into four parts on the basis of widespread culture groups, defined by burial practices and distinctive artefacts. In succession the complexes are: Corded Ware, Unetice (or Aunjetitz), Tumulus and Urnfield (including Lausitz).

Metal was undoubtedly of prime importance to all these cultures but so too were the more perishable materials such as wood, textiles and food. Taken together, the surviving evidence implies a multitude of inter-connected settled and mobile groups whose livelihoods relied on pastoral and arable agriculture as well as trade. The creation of elaborate graves containing bodies adorned with objects of skilled craftsmanship, often made from materials brought from far away, testifies to the importance of religious beliefs. The trend towards increasingly fortified settlements, a rapid increase in the production of weaponry and the emergence of warrior elites in burials has suggested to some that warfare became increasingly widespread.