750 BC

Halstatt culture start using iron and bronze swords and tools

750 BC

Burials change from cremation to inhumation burial in north-western Europe

730 BC

Development of warrior elite across northern and western Europe

546 BC

Beginning of the conquest of Ionian Greeks by the Persians

537 BC

Battle of Alalia: Greek/Carthaginian alliance defeats Phoenician force in naval battle off Corsican coast

500 BC

Increase in production of iron tools and weapons in Scandinavia

500 BC

Bronze dolphin 'coins' used in City of Olbia

490 BC

Battle of Marathon: Greek victory over Persian, Darius the Great

480 BC

Second Persian invasion of Greece under Xerxes

480 BC

Battles of Artemision, Thermopylae, Salamis and Plataea: Persians defeated

450 BC

Around this time La Tène culture flourishes in areas of eastern France, Switzerland, Austria, southwest Germany, Czech Republic and Hungary

449 BC

Peace treaty signed between Athens and Persia

445 BC

30 years peace between Athens and Sparta declared

431 BC

Beginning of Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta

404 BC

Capitulation of Athens to the Spartans, Oligarchy of the Thirty

400 BC

Celts begin to move into eastern and central Austria

390 BC

Gauls from south-eastern France and northern Italy sack Rome

371 BC

Battle of Leuctra: Thebes defeats Sparta

357 BC

War between Athens and Macedonian Empire

343 BC

First Samnite War: Rome dominates Italy

338 BC

Battle of Chaeronea: Philip II of Macedon conquers most of Greece

334 BC

Alexander the Great conquers Asia Minor

326 BC

Second Samnite War in the Central Apennines

322 BC

Start of the First War of the Diadochi (Alexander's successors)

319 BC

Death of Antipater; start of the Second War of the Diadochi

314 BC

Ptolemy, Lysimachus, and Kassander move against Antigonus; start of the Third War of the Diadochi

308 BC

Rome conquers the Etruscan city of Tarquinia

308 BC

Antigonus attempts to take Greece; start of the Fourth War of the Diadochi

301 BC

Battle of Ipsus: fought between Diadochi, empire is divided into four states

295 BC

Gallic tribes join Samnites and Etruscans to prevent Rome's rise to power

290 BC

The Sabines submit to Roman rule

284 BC

Cisalpine Gauls push into central Italy

279 BC

Celtic tribes from the north invade Macedon and Greece and reach as far as Delphi

277 BC

Celtic armies defeated at Lysimacheia

275 BC

Rome conquers southern Italy

264 BC

Outbreak of First Punic War; fought between Rome and Carthage over control of Sicily

241 BC

Carthage cedes control of Sicily to Rome; end of First Punic War

238 BC

Rome takes Corsica and Sardinia from Carthage

237 BC

Carthaginian army enters Iberia, led by General Hamilcar Barca

226 BC

Rome signs treaty with Carthage confining Carthaginian expansion to south of River Ebro

222 BC

Rome conquers northern Italy, including Milan

218 BC

Gauls join Hannibal against Rome

218 BC

Start of Second Punic War with Carthage

218 BC

Hannibal invades Italy

218 BC

Battle of Cissa; Rome defeats Carthaginian forces and re-takes lands north of the Ebro

216 BC

Carthaginians defeat Rome at Cannae

214 BC

First Macedonian War between Rome and Philip V

206 BC

Battle of Ilipa; Rome defeats Carthaginians and takes Carthaginian Spain

202 BC

Gauls rebel against Rome

201 BC

Rome defeats Hannibal at Zama; end of Second Punic War with Carthage

200 BC

Second Macedonian War, defeat of Philip V