The earliest systematic extraction of copper ore in Britain is thought to have occurred around 2000 BC, several hundred years after the first appearance of copper objects. The best evidence of this mining has been found in the mountains of western Britain at sites such as Great Orme, Parys Mountain and Copa Hill (all in Wales). However evidence for the very early extraction, from surface outcrops, can be hard to detect.

Extraction in Britain intensified from 1900-1600 BC with the digging of pits, trenches and, at the Great Orme complex, networks of tunnels that follow the ore deep underground. Controlled fires would have loosened the rock whilst spherical hammer stones and antler picks were used to pound and prise the rich nodules away. Underground mining required specialist knowledge to ensure adequate ventilation, drainage, access and safety. Even so, the conditions would have been cramped, dirty and dangerous.

The prospection, extraction, processing and distribution of copper ore would have required considerable organisation of labour, equipment and food. This would have involved entire communities and therefore is thought to have occurred on a seasonal basis when commitments to the land were less pressing. The abandonment of most British copper mines around 1500 BC remains puzzling, especially given the increasing demand for copper throughout Britain and beyond.