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37000 BC
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Ireland separated from Britain by rising sea level
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16000 BC
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Ireland connected to Britain via Mull of Kintyre
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8000 BC
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First people arrive in Ireland
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8000 BC
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Mount Sandel, earliest settlement in Ireland, in use
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6000 BC
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Date of earliest human remains found in Ireland; at Primrose Grange, Co. Sligo
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4500 BC
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Farming and domestication of plants and animals introduced
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4000 BC
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Grassland field systems laid out in western Ireland
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4000 BC
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First passage graves in Ireland are built
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4000 BC
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Carinated Bowls begin to be made
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3900 BC
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Houses built in several areas such as Ballyglass
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3900 BC
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Court tombs begin to be built
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3750 BC
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Carinated and Lyles Hill Limerick Decorated Bowls begin to be made
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3500 BC
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Goodland/Sandhill Bipartite Bowls/Ballyalton pottery begins to be made
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3500 BC
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Houses built at Lough Gur
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3300 BC
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Grooved Ware begins to be made
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3000 BC
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Start of portal tomb building
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3000 BC
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Great Mound at Knowth built
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3000 BC
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Dowth Mound built
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2900 BC
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Knockadown Ware pottery begins to be made
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2900 BC
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After this time, court tombs stop being used
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2860 BC
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Wooden circle erected at Knowth passage grave
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2700 BC
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Around this time grassland field systems in western Ireland are replaced by peat
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2500 BC
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Metalworking introduced to Britain
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2500 BC
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Arable plots in western Ireland abandoned and covered by peat bogs
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2500 BC
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Newgrange passage tomb built
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2500 BC
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Mound of the Hostages built on Hill of Tara
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2400 BC
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Few mines in south-west Ireland producing most of the copper for all Britain
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2200 BC
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By this time mines in Ireland were supplying most of the gold in Ireland and Britain
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2000 BC
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Start of Wedge tomb building
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1500 BC
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Gold objects start being produced
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1000 BC
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Start of stone circle building
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750 BC
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Intensification of warfare
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700 BC
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Arrival of Gaels in Ireland
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500 BC
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Knowledge of iron-working reaches Ireland
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200 BC
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La Tène art flourishes in Ireland
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200 BC
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Early evidence for structured kingdoms in Ireland
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100 BC
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Increase of Celtic-speaking people into Ireland
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95 BC
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Destruction of the Temple of Emain Macha
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AD 82
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Romans contemplate annexing Ireland
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AD 200
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Conn Céd-cathach founds Meath and begins High kingship of Tara
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AD 250
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Creation of Black Pig's Dyke
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AD 300
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First record of Ogham writing
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AD 350
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Christianity reaches Ireland
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AD 367
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Alliance of Picts, Scots (Gaelic speakers in Britain and Ireland) and Saxons attack Hadrian's Wall
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AD 377
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Niall of the Nine Hostages becomes High king
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AD 400
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Niall's sons, Eoghan and Conall, found kingdom of Aileach
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AD 432
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St Patrick begins his Christian mission in Ireland
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AD 444
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Foundation of Armagh religious community
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AD 490
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Earliest known Irish monastery founded on Isle of Arran
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AD 563
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Foundation of monastery on Iona island by St Columba
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AD 725
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Ui Brinin dynasty dominant in Connacht
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AD 750
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Armagh under Ui Neill control
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AD 793
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Artri mac Cathail ordained king of Munster
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AD 794
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First recorded Viking raids on Ireland
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AD 800
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Ui Neill dominate north Leinster
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AD 802
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Iona burned down by Vikings
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AD 814
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Iona community moves to Meath
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AD 823
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Vikings pillage Bangor
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AD 836
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Viking raids reach inland Ireland
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AD 866
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Aed Finnliath clears north coastline of Viking fleets and bases
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AD 900
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Cormac Mac Cullenan becomes king of Cashel
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AD 902
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Kings of Brega and Leinster expel Vikings from their fortress at Dublin
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AD 914
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Start of second period of Viking raids on Ireland
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AD 914
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Vikings establish settlement at Waterford
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AD 917
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Niall Glundubh leads great host into Munster to fight Vikings
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AD 917
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Vikings retake Dublin
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AD 919
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Battle of Dublin: death of Niall Glundubh
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AD 942
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Blacair Guthfrithson becomes Viking king of Dublin
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AD 950
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End of second period of Viking attacks
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AD 975
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Brian Boru becomes king of Munster
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AD 980
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Mael Sechaill becomes High king
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AD 980
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Mael Sechaill wins significant victory against Vikings of Dublin
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AD 999
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Battle of Glenn Mama: Brian Boru and Mael Sechaill defeat Danes of Dublin
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AD 1002
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Mael Sechaill submits to Brian Boru, who becomes king of Ireland
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AD 1014
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Battle of Clontarf: Brian Boru is killed; Vikings defeated
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AD 1014
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Death of Brian Boru leaves Irish chiefs fighting and feuding over the throne
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AD 1014
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Mael Sechaill becomes High king again
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AD 1086
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Muirchertach O'Brien becomes king of Munster
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AD 1106
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Turlough O'Connor becomes king of Connacht
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AD 1118
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Turlough O'Connor divides Munster into two equal kingdoms
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AD 1119
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Turlough O'Connor claims High kingship of Ireland
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AD 1125
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Turloch O'Connor deposes king of Meath and appoints three kings in his stead
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AD 1126
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Dermot MacMurrough becomes king of Leinster
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AD 1129
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Turloch O'Connor builds Ireland's first castle on River Shannon
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AD 1138
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Rory O'Connor ousted from his throne
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AD 1142
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Foundation of first Cistercian monastery in Ireland at Mellifont
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AD 1152
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Synod of Kells: 4 Ecclesiastical Provinces defined in Ireland
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AD 1156
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Rory O'Connor becomes king of Connacht
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AD 1166
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Dermot MacMurrough, king of Leinster, driven from his throne
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AD 1166
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Rory O'Connor acknowledged as High King in Ireland
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AD 1169
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Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland begins; the town of Wexford is captured
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AD 1170
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Dermot MacMurrough begins campaign to regain kingdom of Leinster: asks Richard de Clare, Earl of Pembroke, to help
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AD 1170
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MacMurrough and de Clare capture the fortified towns of Dublin and Waterford; MacMurrough reclaims throne; offers his daughter in marriage to de Clare
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AD 1171
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Death of MacMurrough; de Clare becomes king of Leinster
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AD 1171
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Henry II of England arrives in Ireland to prevent de Clare gathering power: most Irish bishops and kings submit to him
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AD 1171
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Henry II proclaims himself Lord of Ireland
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AD 1175
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Treaty of Windsor: Henry II confirms Rory O'Connor as king of Connacht and grants him overlordship of north and west Ireland
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AD 1185
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Prince John, Lord of Ireland, arrives to further strengthen the influence of the English crown over the whole country
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AD 1202
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Cathal O'Connor becomes king of Connacht
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AD 1210
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King John visits Ireland: submission of most of Irish kings
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AD 1210
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Decree passed stating laws of England also apply to Ireland
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AD 1235
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Richard de Burgh conquers Connacht
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AD 1250
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By now Anglo-Norman lords control large parts of (modern provinces of) Munster and Leinster
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AD 1260
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Battle of Downpatrick: defeat and death of Brian O'Neill, king of Ulster
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AD 1297
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Beginning of the Irish Parliament
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AD 1315
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Invasion of Ireland by Edward Bruce (brother of Robert Bruce, king of Scotland)
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AD 1316
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Battle of Athenry: Irish chiefs of Connacht killed
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AD 1316
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Edward Bruce proclaimed 'king of Ireland'
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AD 1318
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Battle of Faughart: Edward Bruce defeated and killed
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AD 1320
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Irish parliament opens for a session in Dublin
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AD 1333
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Murder of Earl of Ulster: English crown loses control of Connacht and Irish chiefs in Ulster
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AD 1349
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Bubonic plague reaches Ireland
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AD 1351
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Legislation passed to prevent Anglo-Irish settlers from becoming overtly Gaelicised
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AD 1366
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Statutes of Kilkenny: Irish language, dress, and customs forbidden for all English and Irish subjects who had sworn loyalty to the king
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AD 1394
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Richard II of England lands at Waterford with aim of bringing all of Gaelic Ireland under his control
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AD 1394
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Richard II defeats Leinster
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AD 1395
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Richard II gains submission of many of Irish chieftains
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AD 1399
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Second campaign in Ireland by Richard II
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AD 1400
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By this time the earls of Kildare, Desmond and Ormonde control most of southern Ireland
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AD 1446
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The word ‘Pale’ is adopted to describe the counties around Dublin under the direct control of the English crown
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AD 1460
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Declaration of Irish parliamentary independence
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AD 1477
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Anglo-Irish Earl of Kildare appointed as Lord Deputy of Ireland
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AD 1487
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Lambert Simnel, pretender to the English throne, arrives in Ireland and is crowned as king
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AD 1487
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Simnel recruits an army and sails for England; the invasion fails
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AD 1494
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Sir Edward Poynings, an Englishman, appointed as Lord Deputy of Ireland in place of Anglo-Irish earls
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AD 1494
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Statutes of Drogheda ('Poyning's Law'): Irish Parliament subject to the control of the English king and council
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AD 1496
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Earl of Kildare re-appointed as Lord Deputy of Ireland
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AD 1500
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English control confined to south and east of Ireland
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AD 1504
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Battle of Knocktoe: Gerald Kildare defeats an army of rebels
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AD 1520
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Earl of Surrey sent to Ireland to restore order
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AD 1534
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Rebellion led by the Earls of Kildare; subdued by Henry VIII of England
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AD 1536
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Henry VIII becomes head of Church of Ireland
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AD 1536
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First 'Reformation Parliament' in Dublin
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AD 1537
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Thomas Kildare executed
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AD 1541
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Irish Parliament accepts Henry VIII as king of Ireland
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AD 1543
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Title 'King of Ireland' confirmed to English sovereigns
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AD 1569
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Attempts to extend influence of the English crown provokes insurrection
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AD 1569
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James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald launches unsuccessful rebellion attacking English colony at Kerrycurihy, Cork
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AD 1575
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Sir Henry Sidney serves for second period as Governor of Ireland
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AD 1579
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James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald launches unsuccessful invasion of Munster
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AD 1584
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Sir John Perrott becomes Governor of Ireland
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AD 1585
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President of Connacht devises Composition of Connacht
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AD 1588
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Sir William FitzWilliam serves as Governor for the second time
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AD 1593
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Irish nobility in Ulster rebel, led by Hugh O’Neill, Earl of Tyrone
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AD 1598
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Irish victorious over English at Battle of the Yellow Ford
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AD 1601
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Battle of Kinsale: deciding victory for English forces
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AD 1603
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Earl of Tyrone surrenders
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AD 1607
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Flight of the Irish Earls to Italy
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AD 1608
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Colonies of Protestant English and Scots settle in Ulster
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AD 1632
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Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford made Lord Deputy of Ireland
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AD 1641
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Uprising in Ulster between Catholics and Protestants is crushed
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AD 1641
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Ireland lapses into political chaos
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AD 1642
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Confederation of Kilkenny forms to control uprisings and raise a Catholic army against English forces in Ireland
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AD 1643
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Overtures proceed between the Confederacy and the King
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AD 1645
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Cardinal Rinuccini leads army in support of Owen Roe O'Neill
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AD 1646
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Catholic forces triumph at Benburb
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AD 1649
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Cromwellian massacre at Drogheda, Ireland
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AD 1652
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Completion of Cromwell's conquest of Ireland
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AD 1652
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Act for the settlement of Ireland: public practice of Catholicism banned and all Catholic-owned land confiscated
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AD 1654
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Cromwellian plantations begin in Ireland
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AD 1660
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Charles II restores property to "innocent papists"
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AD 1661
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Reconstitution of an episcopal state church in Ireland
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AD 1662
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Duke of Ormond appointed Governor of Ireland
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AD 1662
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Act of Explanation: partial reversal of the Cromwellian Act for the settlement of Ireland
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AD 1678
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Titus Oates moves against catholic public worship in Ireland
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AD 1688
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Siege of Derry: 105 day siege by the Jacobite army
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AD 1689
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James II lands in Ireland: civil war breaks out
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AD 1689
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Catholic 'parliament' convenes in Dublin
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AD 1690
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William, Prince of Orange, defeats James II at River Boyne
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AD 1691
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William’s forces win resounding victory at Aughrim
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AD 1691
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Treaty of Limerick: ends war between Jacobites and William of Orange supporters
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AD 1691
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Beginning of the Penal Laws by Protestant Parliament of Ireland to regulate Catholics
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AD 1699
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Acts restricting Irish woollen exports
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AD 1720
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Westminster parliament gains right to legislate for Ireland
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AD 1726
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Gulliver’s Travels written by Jonathan Swift
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AD 1740
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Famine in Ireland
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AD 1772
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First in a series of Relief Acts to repeal harsh Penal Laws against Catholics
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AD 1775
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Henry Grattan becomes leader of the 'Patriot' party
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AD 1782
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Irish Parliament win legislative independence from the British Parliament
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AD 1791
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Foundation of Society of United Irishmen (Republican organisation)
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AD 1793
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Catholic Relief Act of 1793
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AD 1795
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Orange Order (Protestant military organisation) founded
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AD 1796
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First parade held to commemorate the Battle of the Boyne
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AD 1796
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French fleet of 35 ships tries to land at Bantry Bay but are prevented by bad weather
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AD 1798
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United Irishmen Rebellion led by Woolfe Tone
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AD 1798
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Defeat of the United Irishmen at the Battle of Vinegar Hill
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AD 1798
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Death of Woolfe Tone
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AD 1800
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Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland passed
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AD 1801
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Act of Union takes effect: political union of Great Britain and Ireland
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AD 1803
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Nationalist rising in Dublin against British rule led by Robert Emmet
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