Londinium (London) was founded by the Romans in around AD 50-55. Its position on the River Thames meant that it became extremely important both as a crossing point into the rest of the province, and as a centre for trade. Both Londinium and Camulodunum (Colchester), the capital of the province, were burnt to the ground in Boudica’s rebellion of 60-1. Both were rebuilt, but over the following decades Londinium replaced Camulodunum as the centre of administration and military power. This importance was reflected in its imposing civic buildings such as the monumental basilica and the magnificent forum.

Some of the most extensive building took place along the river frontage, where the remains of massive wooden quays, storage buildings and a warehouse have been found. Luxuries that were part of the Roman way of life, like wine and oil, would have been stored here. Excavations have also revealed large numbers of mosaic floors, which suggests there were plenty of wealthy inhabitants, not just the military and civilian administrators, but native traders and merchants. The mosaics may have been made by craftsmen imported from Gaul or even further away, but there were certainly local tile makers and metalworkers, and many other craftsmen.