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British Isles > England 4000-2200 BC Neolithic
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   Jadeite axe-head
Jadeite axe-headLarger image
Jadeite axe-head
Jadeite axe-head
Jadeite axe-head
Jadeite axe-head
Jadeite axe-head
  Larger image
© 2006 The British Museum

4000-3000 BC
Found in Canterbury, Kent, England

Although this axe-head was found in England, the stone was quarried in northern Italy. It has been worked to a pleasing shape and carefully polished all over. It is very thin and could not have been intended for practical use as an axe. It could however have been used ceremonially and would have had great value as an object for exchange.

Length: 219 mm
The British Museum PE PRB 1901,0206.1
British Museum: Jadeite axe-head
Farming
Farming
Trade and exchange
Trade and exchange
Monuments in the landscape
Monuments in the landscape
Trade and exchange

It is often the case that we think of people who lived in the remote past as being less sophisticated than ourselves. Wheeled vehicles were not used in the British Isles during the Neolithic and there is no direct evidence of water transport. However, particular objects show us that people did travel. For example, a number of axes made of an attractive green stone called jadeite have been found in England which date from the very beginning of the Neolithic. The jadeite comes from northern Italy. This shows that from at least 6000 years ago objects, and therefore people, were travelling long distances.

Although people must have been aware of distant communities who had different objects to trade, it is not clear how trade and exchange networks operated during the Neolithic. Objects like these axes were probably traded between communities, and gradually made their way to England through a series of exchanges over shorter distances. Whatever the mechanism for the movement of such objects, in order to reach England they must have crossed the sea at some point. This tells us that though no evidence has yet been found, Neolithic communities must have been capable of building seafaring craft.

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© 2005 The British Museum