Expanding markets and the demand from consumers for high-quality goods drove developments in the decorative arts during this period. Kaolin, the fine white clay needed to produce porcelain, was discovered in Kyushu, western Japan in the early 17th century AD. When the fall of the Ming dynasty in China in 1644 disrupted porcelain supply to Europe, Japan was able to meet the demand.

Various wares were made in Arita, in north-west Kyushu, with richly coloured overglaze enamels on a pure white body. The most prestigious ware was that reserved for the use of the lords of Nabeshima and for presentation to the shogun. In Kyoto, Nonomura Ninsei and his pupil Ogata Kenzan were renowned for their often simple, yet elegantly decorated, stonewares. The pieces by Kenzan in particular formed part of the revival in the arts of themes from classical literature and poetry of the Heian period (AD 794-1185).

During the Edo period increasing prosperity made lacquer items more widely available. Elaborate sets of boxes and utensils for the toilette, or for the incense identification game, would form part of a bride’s dowry. Precious metals were used alongside lead in innovative designs on writing boxes. Inrô also became very popular – these were small cases slung from the sash, with several compartments to hold medicine. The production of silk textiles with gorgeous designs or subtle but intricate designs also flourished.