Ksar Akil is a rock-shelter overlooking the Antelias valley in Lebanon. The site was occupied almost continuously for about 35,000 years, during which time deposits 23m in depth accumulated. The earliest levels are Middle Palaeolithic and include scrapers and Levallois flint tools, dating to about 45,000 years ago.

Above these deposits, a series of layers show the transition from Middle Palaeolithic to Upper Palaeolithic methods of making tools. In the lowest of these levels, the upper jaw of a Neanderthal was found, while in a higher level the skeleton of a modern human (Homo sapiens) was discovered.

The Upper Palaeolithic tools from these higher levels and from further up the sequence were elongated flakes called blades, which were modified into knives, engraving tools and scrapers. Many bone points were also discovered. Other bones from the site show that fallow deer and gazelle were hunted. These Upper Palaeolithic layers date from 32,000 years ago. The site was finally abandoned at the end of the last Ice Age, about 10,000 years ago.